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GitHub - nvm-sh/nvm: Node Version Manager - POSIX-compliant bash script to manage multiple active node.js versions

Node Version Manager Table of Contents - Intro - About - Installing and Updating - Install & Update Script - Additional Notes - Installing in Docker - Installing in Docker for CICD-Jobs - Troubleshooting on Linux - Troubleshooting on macOS - Ansible - Verify

0 次阅读2026/08/13 发布
GitHub - nvm-sh/nvm: Node Version Manager - POSIX-compliant bash script to manage multiple active node.js versions 来源图片

社区作者 · zZz

它解决什么问题

Node Version Manager

Table of Contents

  • Intro
  • About
  • Installing and Updating
  • Install & Update Script
  • Additional Notes
  • Installing in Docker
  • Installing in Docker for CICD-Jobs
  • Troubleshooting on Linux
  • Troubleshooting on macOS
  • Ansible
  • Verify Installation
  • Important Notes
可复制命令
Git Install
  • Manual Install
  • Manual Upgrade
  • Usage
  • Long-term Support
  • Migrating Global Packages While Installing
  • Migrating Global Packages Between Installed Versions
  • Offline Install
  • Default Global Packages From File While Installing
  • io.js
  • System Version of Node
  • Listing Versions
  • Setting Custom Colors
  • Persisting custom colors
  • Suppressing colorized output
  • Restoring PATH
可复制命令
Set default node version
  • Use a mirror of node binaries
  • Pass Authorization header to mirror
  • .nvmrc
  • Deeper Shell Integration
  • Calling nvm use automatically in a directory with a .nvmrc file
可复制命令
bash
  • zsh
  • fish
  • Running Tests
  • Environment variables
可复制命令
Bash Completion
  • Usage
  • Compatibility Issues
  • Installing nvm on Alpine Linux
  • Alpine Linux 3.13+
  • Alpine Linux 3.5 - 3.12
  • Uninstalling / Removal
  • Manual Uninstall
可复制命令
Docker For Development Environment
  • Problems
  • macOS Troubleshooting
  • WSL Troubleshooting
  • Maintainers
  • Project Support
  • Enterprise Support
  • License
  • Copyright notice

Intro

nvm allows you to quickly install and use different versions of node via the command line.

Example:

$ nvm install 24 Now using node v24.14.0 (npm v11.9.0) $ node -v v24.14.0 $ nvm use 22 Now using node v22.22.1 (npm v10.9.4) $ node -v v22.22.1 $ nvm use 20 Now using node v20.20.1 (npm v10.8.2) $ node -v v20.20.1

Simple as that!

About

nvm is a version manager for node.js , designed to be installed per-user, and invoked per-shell. nvm works on any POSIX-compliant shell (sh, dash , ksh , zsh , bash ), in particular on these platforms: unix, macOS , and Windows WSL .

Installing and Updating

Install & Update Script

To install or update nvm, you should run the install script . To do that, you may either download and run the script manually, or use the following cURL or Wget command:

命令
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.6/install.sh | bash
命令
wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.6/install.sh | bash

Running either of the above commands downloads a script and runs it. The script clones the nvm repository to ~/.nvm , and attempts to add the source lines from the snippet below to the correct profile file ( ~/.bashrc , ~/.bash_profile , ~/.zshrc , or ~/.

profile ). If you find the install script is updating the wrong profile file, set the $PROFILE env var to the profile file’s path, and then rerun the installation script.

命令
export NVM_DIR= " $( [ -z " ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-} " ] && printf %s " ${HOME} /.nvm " || printf %s " ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME} /nvm " ) "

[ -s " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " ] && \. " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " # This loads nvm

Additional Notes

- If the environment variable $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is present, it will place the nvm files there.

- You can add --no-use to the end of the above script to postpone using nvm until you manually use it:

命令
export NVM_DIR= " $( [ -z " ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-} " ] && printf %s " ${HOME} /.nvm " || printf %s " ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME} /nvm " ) "

[ -s " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " ] && \. " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " --no-use # This loads nvm, without auto-using the default version

- You can customize the install source, directory, profile, and version using the NVM_SOURCE , NVM_DIR , PROFILE , and NODE_VERSION variables.

Eg

Eg
curl ... | NVM_DIR="path/to/nvm" . Ensure that the NVM_DIR does not contain a trailing slash.

- The installer can use git , curl , or wget to download nvm , whichever is available.

-

You can instruct the installer to not edit your shell config (for example if you already get completions via a zsh nvm plugin ) by setting PROFILE=/dev/null before running the install.sh script. Here's an example one-line command to do that:

可复制命令
PROFILE=/dev/null bash -c 'curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.6/install.sh | bash'

Installing in Docker

When invoking bash as a non-interactive shell, like in a Docker container, none of the regular profile files are sourced. In order to use nvm , node , and npm like normal, you can instead specify the special BASH_ENV variable, which bash sources when invoked non-interactively.

Use bash for the shell

SHELL [ "/bin/bash" , "-o" , "pipefail" , "-c" ]

Create a script file sourced by both interactive and non-interactive bash shells

ENV BASH_ENV "${HOME}/.bash_env" RUN touch "${BASH_ENV}" RUN echo '. "${BASH_ENV}"' >> ~/.bashrc

Download and install nvm

RUN curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.6/install.sh | PROFILE= "${BASH_ENV}" bash RUN echo node > .nvmrc RUN nvm install

Installing in Docker for CICD-Jobs

More robust, works in CI/CD-Jobs. Can be run in interactive and non-interactive containers. See #3531 .

FROM ubuntu:latest ARG NODE_VERSION=20

install curl

RUN apt update && apt install curl -y

install nvm

RUN curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.6/install.sh | bash

set env

ENV NVM_DIR=/root/.nvm

install node

RUN bash -c "source $NVM_DIR/nvm.sh && nvm install $NODE_VERSION"

set ENTRYPOINT for reloading nvm-environment

ENTRYPOINT [ "bash" , "-c" , "source $NVM_DIR/nvm.sh && exec \" $@ \" " , "--" ]

set cmd to bash

CMD [ "/bin/bash" ]

This example defaults to installation of nodejs version 20.x.y. Optionally you can easily override the version with docker build args like:

命令
docker build -t nvmimage --build-arg NODE_VERSION=19 .

After creation of the image you can start container interactively and run commands, for example:

命令
docker run --rm -it nvmimage

root@0a6b5a237c14:/# nvm -v 0.40.6

root@0a6b5a237c14:/# node -v v19.9.0

root@0a6b5a237c14:/# npm -v 9.6.3

Noninteractive example:

user@host:/tmp/test $ docker run --rm -it nvmimage node -v v19.9.0 user@host:/tmp/test $ docker run --rm -it nvmimage npm -v 9.6.3

Troubleshooting on Linux

On Linux , after running the install script, if you get nvm: command not found or see no feedback from your terminal after you type command -v nvm , simply close your current terminal, open a new terminal, and try verifying again.

Alternatively, you can run the following commands for the different shells on the command line:

命令
bash : source ~/.bashrc

zsh : source ~/.zshrc

ksh : . ~/.profile

These should pick up the nvm command.

Troubleshooting on macOS

Since OS X 10.9, /usr/bin/git has been preset by Xcode command line tools, which means we can't properly detect if Git is installed or not. You need to manually install the Xcode command line tools before running the install script, otherwise, it'll fail. (see #1782 )

If you get nvm: command not found after running the install script, one of the following might be the reason:

- Since macOS 10.15, the default shell is zsh and nvm will look for .zshrc to update, none is installed by default. Create one with touch ~/.zshrc and run the install script again.

- If you use bash, the previous default shell, your system may not have .bash_profile or .bashrc files where the command is set up. Create one of them with touch ~/.bash_profile or touch ~/.bashrc and run the install script again. Then, run . ~/.

bash_profile or . ~/.bashrc to pick up the nvm command.

- You have previously used bash , but you have zsh installed. You need to manually add these lines to ~/.zshrc and run . ~/.zshrc .

- You might need to restart your terminal instance or run . ~/.nvm/nvm.sh . Restarting your terminal/opening a new tab/window, or running the source command will load the command and the new configuration.

- If the above didn't help, you might need to restart your terminal instance. Try opening a new tab/window in your terminal and retry.

If the above doesn't fix the problem, you may try the following:

- If you use bash, it may be that your .bash_profile (or ~/.profile ) does not source your ~/.bashrc properly. You could fix this by adding source ~/<your_profile_file> to it or following the next step below.

- Try adding the snippet from the install section , that finds the correct nvm directory and loads nvm, to your usual profile ( ~/.bash_profile , ~/.zshrc , ~/.profile , or ~/.bashrc ).

- For more information about this issue and possible workarounds, please refer here

Note For Macs with the Apple Silicon chip, node started offering arm64 arch Darwin packages since v16.0.0 and experimental arm64 support when compiling from source since v14.17.0.

If you are facing issues installing node using nvm , you may want to update to one of those versions or later.

Ansible

You can use a task:

ansible.builtin.shell : >

  • name : Install nvm
命令
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.6/install.sh | bash

args : creates : " {{ ansible_env.HOME }}/.nvm/nvm.sh "

Verify Installation

To verify that nvm has been installed, do:

command -v nvm

which should output nvm if the installation was successful. Please note that which nvm will not work, since nvm is a sourced shell function, not an executable binary.

Note: On Linux, after running the install script, if you get nvm: command not found or see no feedback from your terminal after you type command -v nvm , simply close your current terminal, open a new terminal, and try verifying again.

Important Notes

If you're running a system without prepackaged binary available, which means you're going to install node or io.js from its source code, you need to make sure your system has a C++ compiler.

For OS X, Xcode will work, for Debian / Ubuntu based GNU/Linux, the build-essential and libssl-dev packages work.

Note: nvm also supports Windows in some cases. It should work through WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) depending on the version of WSL. It should also work with Git Bash ( MSYS ) or Cygwin .

Otherwise, for Windows, a few alternatives exist, which are neither supported nor developed by us:

  • nvm-windows
  • nodist
  • nvs

Note: nvm does not support Fish either (see #303 ). Alternatives exist, which are neither supported nor developed by us:

  • bass allows you to use utilities written for Bash in fish shell
  • fast-nvm-fish only works with version numbers (not aliases) but doesn't significantly slow your shell startup
  • plugin-nvm plugin for Oh My Fish , which makes nvm and its completions available in fish shell
  • nvm.fish - The Node.js version manager you'll adore, crafted just for Fish
  • fish-nvm - Wrapper around nvm for fish, delays sourcing nvm until it's actually used.

Note: We still have some problems with FreeBSD , because there is no official pre-built binary for FreeBSD, and building from source may need patches ; see the issue ticket:

  • [#900] [Bug] node on FreeBSD may need to be patched
  • nodejs/node#3716

Note: On OS X, if you do not have Xcode installed and you do not wish to download the ~4.3GB file, you can install the Command Line Tools . You can check out this blog post on how to just that:

  • How to Install Command Line Tools in OS X Mavericks & Yosemite (Without Xcode)

Note: On OS X, if you have/had a "system" node installed and want to install modules globally, keep in mind that:

  • When using nvm you do not need sudo to globally install a module with npm -g , so instead of doing sudo npm install -g grunt , do instead npm install -g grunt
  • If you have an ~/.npmrc file, make sure it does not contain any prefix settings (which is not compatible with nvm )
  • You can (but should not?) keep your previous "system" node install, but nvm will only be available to your user account (the one used to install nvm). This might cause version mismatches, as other users will be using /usr/local/lib/node_modules/* VS your user account using ~/.nvm/versions/node/vX.X.X/lib/node_modules/*

Homebrew installation is not supported. If you have issues with homebrew-installed nvm , please brew uninstall it, and install it using the instructions below, before filing an issue.

Note: If you're using zsh you can easily install nvm as a zsh plugin. Install zsh-nvm and run nvm upgrade to upgrade ( you can set NVM_AUTO_USE=true to have it automatically detect and use .nvmrc files).

Note

Note
Git versions before v1.7 may face a problem of cloning nvm source from GitHub via https protocol, and there is also different behavior of git before v1.6, and git prior to v1.17.10 can not clone tags, so the minimum required git version is v1.7.10. If you are interested in the problem we mentioned here, please refer to GitHub's HTTPS cloning errors article.
命令
Git Install

If you have git installed (requires git v1.7.10+):

  • clone this repo in the root of your user profile
可复制命令
cd ~/ from anywhere then git clone https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm.git .nvm
可复制命令
cd ~/.nvm and check out the latest version with git checkout v0.40.6
  • activate nvm by sourcing it from your shell: . ./nvm.sh

Now add these lines to your ~/.bashrc , ~/.profile , or ~/.zshrc file to have it automatically sourced upon login: (you may have to add to more than one of the above files)

命令
export NVM_DIR= " $HOME /.nvm "

[ -s " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " ] && \. " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " # This loads nvm [ -s " $NVM_DIR /bash_completion " ] && \. " $NVM_DIR /bash_completion " # This loads nvm bash_completion

Manual Install

For a fully manual install, execute the following lines to first clone the nvm repository into $HOME/.nvm , and then load nvm :

命令
export NVM_DIR= " $HOME /.nvm " && (
命令
git clone https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm.git " $NVM_DIR "
命令
cd " $NVM_DIR "
命令
git checkout ` git describe --abbrev=0 --tags --match " v[0-9]* " $( git rev-list --tags --max-count=1 ) `

) && \. " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh "

Now add these lines to your ~/.bashrc , ~/.profile , or ~/.zshrc file to have it automatically sourced upon login: (you may have to add to more than one of the above files)

命令
export NVM_DIR= " $HOME /.nvm "

[ -s " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " ] && \. " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " # This loads nvm [ -s " $NVM_DIR /bash_completion " ] && \. " $NVM_DIR /bash_completion " # This loads nvm bash_completion

Manual Upgrade

For manual upgrade with git (requires git v1.7.10+):

  • change to the $NVM_DIR
  • pull down the latest changes
  • check out the latest version
  • activate the new version

(

命令
cd " $NVM_DIR "
命令
git fetch --tags origin
命令
git checkout ` git describe --abbrev=0 --tags --match " v[0-9]* " $( git rev-list --tags --max-count=1 ) `

) && \. " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh "

Usage

To download, compile, and install the latest release of node, do this:

nvm install node # "node" is an alias for the latest version

To install a specific version of node:

nvm install 14.7.0 # or 16.3.0, 12.22.1, etc

To set an alias:

nvm alias my_alias v14.4.0

命令
Make sure that your alias does not contain any spaces or slashes.

The first version installed becomes the default. New shells will start with the default version of node (e.g., nvm alias default ).

You can list available versions using ls-remote :

nvm ls-remote

And then in any new shell just use the installed version:

nvm use node

Or you can just run it:

nvm run node --version

Or, you can run any arbitrary command in a subshell with the desired version of node:

nvm exec 4.2 node --version

You can also get the path to the executable to where it was installed:

nvm which 12.22

In place of a version pointer like "14.7" or "16.3" or "12.22.1", you can use the following special default aliases with nvm install , nvm use , nvm run , nvm exec , nvm which , etc:

  • node : this installs the latest version of node
  • iojs : this installs the latest version of io.js
  • stable : this alias is deprecated, and only truly applies to node v0.12 and earlier. Currently, this is an alias for node .
  • unstable : this alias points to node v0.11 - the last "unstable" node release, since post-1.0, all node versions are stable. (in SemVer , versions communicate breakage, not stability).
  • current : the version currently active in this shell (i.e. what node resolves to via $PATH ). It is not affected by .nvmrc . Useful when you want to refer to the active version explicitly — e.g. nvm which current always prints the path to the active node , regardless of whether an .nvmrc file is present.

Long-term Support

Node has a schedule for long-term support (LTS) You can reference LTS versions in aliases and .nvmrc files with the notation lts/* for the latest LTS, and lts/argon for LTS releases from the "argon" line, for example. In addition, the following commands support LTS arguments:

  • nvm install --lts / nvm install --lts=argon / nvm install 'lts/*' / nvm install lts/argon
  • nvm uninstall --lts / nvm uninstall --lts=argon / nvm uninstall 'lts/*' / nvm uninstall lts/argon
  • nvm use --lts / nvm use --lts=argon / nvm use 'lts/*' / nvm use lts/argon
  • nvm exec --lts / nvm exec --lts=argon / nvm exec 'lts/*' / nvm exec lts/argon
  • nvm run --lts / nvm run --lts=argon / nvm run 'lts/*' / nvm run lts/argon
  • nvm ls-remote --lts / nvm ls-remote --lts=argon nvm ls-remote 'lts/*' / nvm ls-remote lts/argon
  • nvm version-remote --lts / nvm version-remote --lts=argon / nvm version-remote 'lts/*' / nvm version-remote lts/argon

Any time your local copy of nvm connects to https://nodejs.org , it will re-create the appropriate local aliases for all available LTS lines.

These aliases (stored under $NVM_DIR/alias/lts ), are managed by nvm , and you should not modify, remove, or create these files - expect your changes to be undone, and expect meddling with these files to cause bugs that will likely not be supported.

To get the latest LTS version of node and migrate your existing installed packages, use:

nvm install --reinstall-packages-from=current ' lts/* '

Migrating Global Packages While Installing

If you want to install a new version of Node.js and migrate npm packages from a previous version:

nvm install --reinstall-packages-from=node node

This will first use "nvm version node" to identify the current version you're migrating packages from. Then it resolves the new version to install from the remote server and installs it.

Lastly, it runs "nvm reinstall-packages" to reinstall the npm packages from your prior version of Node to the new one.

You can also install and migrate npm packages from specific versions of Node like this:

nvm install --reinstall-packages-from=5 6 nvm install --reinstall-packages-from=iojs v4.2

Note that reinstalling packages explicitly does not update the npm version — this is to ensure that npm isn't accidentally upgraded to a broken version for the new node version.

To update npm at the same time add the --latest-npm flag, like this:

nvm install --reinstall-packages-from=default --latest-npm ' lts/* '

or, you can at any time run the following command to get the latest supported npm version on the current node version:

nvm install-latest-npm

If you've already gotten an error to the effect of "npm does not support Node.

js", you'll need to (1) revert to a previous node version ( nvm ls & nvm use <your latest _working_ version from the ls> ), (2) delete the newly created node version ( nvm uninstall <your _broken_ version of node from the ls> ), then (3) rerun your nvm install with the --latest-npm flag.

Migrating Global Packages Between Installed Versions

--reinstall-packages-from is tied to nvm install .

To migrate global npm packages between versions you already have installed, without (re)installing anything, nvm use the destination and run nvm reinstall-packages as a standalone command, pointing at the version you want to copy from :

nvm use 22.22.2 nvm reinstall-packages 22.20.0

This reinstalls all global packages from 22.20.0 into the currently-active version ( 22.22.2 ). As with --reinstall-packages-from , the npm version itself is not changed.

Offline Install

If you've previously downloaded a node version (or it's still in the cache), you can install it without any network access using the --offline flag:

nvm install --offline 14.7.0

This resolves versions using only locally installed versions and cached downloads. It will not attempt to download anything. This is useful in air-gapped environments, on planes, or when you want to avoid network latency.

You can combine --offline with --lts to install the latest cached LTS version (as long as LTS aliases have been populated by a prior nvm ls-remote --lts ):

nvm install --offline --lts

Default Global Packages From File While Installing

If you have a list of default packages you want installed every time you install a new version, we support that too -- just add the package names, one per line, to the file $NVM_DIR/default-packages .

You can add anything npm would accept as a package argument on the command line.

$NVM_DIR/default-packages

rimraf object-inspect@1.0.2 stevemao/left-pad

io.js

Warning io.js was a fork of Node.js , created in 2014 and merged back in 2015. io.js shipped v1, v2, and v3 release lines; post-merge, node.js began releasing with v4.

If you want to install io.js:

nvm install iojs

If you want to install a new version of io.js and migrate npm packages from a previous version:

nvm install --reinstall-packages-from=iojs iojs

The same guidelines mentioned for migrating npm packages in node are applicable to io.js.

System Version of Node

If you want to use the system-installed version of node, you can use the special default alias "system":

nvm use system nvm run system --version

Listing Versions

If you want to see what versions are installed:

nvm ls

If you want to see what versions are available to install:

nvm ls-remote

Setting Custom Colors

You can set five colors that will be used to display version and alias information. These colors replace the default colors. Initial colors are: g b y r e

Color codes:

r/R = red / bold red

g/G = green / bold green

b/B = blue / bold blue

c/C = cyan / bold cyan

m/M = magenta / bold magenta

y/Y = yellow / bold yellow

k/K = black / bold black

e/W = light grey / white

nvm set-colors rgBcm

Persisting custom colors

If you want the custom colors to persist after terminating the shell, export the NVM_COLORS variable in your shell profile. For example, if you want to use cyan, magenta, green, bold red and bold yellow, add the following line:

命令
export NVM_COLORS= ' cmgRY '

Suppressing colorized output

nvm help (or -h or --help) , nvm ls , nvm ls-remote and nvm alias usually produce colorized output. You can disable colors with the --no-colors option (or by setting the environment variable TERM=dumb ):

nvm ls --no-colors nvm help --no-colors

命令
TERM=dumb nvm ls

Restoring PATH

To restore your PATH, you can deactivate it:

nvm deactivate

命令
Set default node version

To set a default Node version to be used in any new shell, use the alias 'default':

nvm alias default node # this refers to the latest installed version of node nvm alias default 18 # this refers to the latest installed v18.x version of node nvm alias default 18.12 # this refers to the latest installed v18.12.x version of node

Use a mirror of node binaries

To use a mirror of the node binaries, set $NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR :

命令
export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://nodejs.org/dist

nvm install node

命令
NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://nodejs.org/dist nvm install 4.2

To use a mirror of the io.js binaries, set $NVM_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR :

命令
export NVM_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://iojs.org/dist

nvm install iojs-v1.0.3

命令
NVM_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://iojs.org/dist nvm install iojs-v1.0.3

nvm use will not, by default, create a "current" symlink. Set $NVM_SYMLINK_CURRENT to "true" to enable this behavior, which is sometimes useful for IDEs. Note that using nvm in multiple shell tabs with this environment variable enabled can cause race conditions.

Pass Authorization header to mirror

To pass an Authorization header through to the mirror url, set $NVM_AUTH_HEADER

NVM_AUTH_HEADER= " Bearer secret-token " nvm install node

.nvmrc

You can create a .nvmrc file containing a node version number (or any other string that nvm understands; see nvm --help for details) in the project root directory (or any parent directory).

Afterwards, nvm use , nvm install , and nvm which will use the version specified in the .nvmrc file if no version is supplied on the command line; if no .nvmrc is found either, they exit with status 127 . ( nvm exec and nvm run follow the same .

nvmrc lookup, but currently fall back to the active node if neither resolves — treat that fallback as undefined behavior; pass an explicit version if you need predictable scripting.) If you want the currently active version, pass current explicitly (e.g.

nvm which current ) — current is not affected by .nvmrc .

For example, to make nvm default to the latest 5.9 release, the latest LTS version, or the latest node version for the current directory:

$ echo " 5.9 " > .nvmrc

$ echo " lts/* " > .nvmrc # to default to the latest LTS version

$ echo " node " > .nvmrc # to default to the latest version

[NB these examples assume a POSIX-compliant shell version of echo . If you use a Windows cmd development environment, eg the .nvmrc file is used to configure a remote Linux deployment, then keep in mind the " s will be copied leading to an invalid file. Remove them.]

Then when you run nvm use:

$ nvm use Found ' /path/to/project/.nvmrc ' with version < 5. 9> Now using node v5.9.1 (npm v3.7.3)

Running nvm install will also switch over to the correct version, but if the correct node version isn't already installed, it will install it for you.

$ nvm install Found ' /path/to/project/.nvmrc ' with version < 5. 9> Downloading and installing node v5.9.1... Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v5.9.1/node-v5.9.1-linux-x64.tar.xz...

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Computing checksum with sha256sum Checksums matched ! Now using node v5.9.1 (npm v3.7.3)

nvm use et. al. will traverse directory structure upwards from the current directory looking for the .nvmrc file. In other words, running nvm use et. al. in any subdirectory of a directory with an .nvmrc will result in that .nvmrc being utilized.

The contents of a .nvmrc file must contain precisely one <version> (as described by nvm --help ) followed by a newline. .nvmrc files may also have comments.

The comment delimiter is # , and it and any text after it, as well as blank lines, and leading and trailing white space, will be ignored when parsing.

Key/value pairs using = are also allowed and ignored, but are reserved for future use, and may cause validation errors in the future.

Run npx nvmrc to validate an .nvmrc file. If that tool’s results do not agree with nvm, one or the other has a bug - please file an issue.

Deeper Shell Integration

You can use nvshim to shim the node , npm , and npx bins to automatically use the nvm config in the current directory. nvshim is not supported by the nvm maintainers. Please report issues to the nvshim team .

If you prefer a lighter-weight solution, the recipes below have been contributed by nvm users. They are not supported by the nvm maintainers. We are, however, accepting pull requests for more examples.

Calling nvm use automatically in a directory with a .nvmrc file

In your profile ( ~/.bash_profile , ~/.zshrc , ~/.profile , or ~/.bashrc ), add the following to nvm use whenever you enter a new directory:

命令
bash

Put the following at the end of your $HOME/.bashrc :

cdnvm () { command cd " $@ " || return $? nvm_path= " $( nvm_find_up .nvmrc | command tr -d ' \n ' ) "

If there are no .nvmrc file, use the default nvm version

if [[ ! $nvm_path = * [^[:space:]] * ]] ; then

declare default_version default_version = " $( nvm version default ) "

If there is no default version, set it to node

This will use the latest version on your machine

if [ $default_version = ' N/A ' ] ; then nvm alias default node default_version= $( nvm version default ) fi

If the current version is not the default version, set it to use t

— 本文由 AI 根据公开来源辅助整理,命令、版本与许可证请在使用前到原始页面复核。

安装 / 开始使用

  • Installing and Updating
  • Install & Update Script
  • Additional Notes
  • Installing in Docker
  • Installing in Docker for CICD-Jobs
  • Troubleshooting on Linux
  • Troubleshooting on macOS
  • Ansible
  • Verify Installation
  • Important Notes
可复制命令
Git Install
  • Manual Install
  • Manual Upgrade
  • Usage
  • Long-term Support
  • Migrating Global Packages While Installing
  • Migrating Global Packages Between Installed Versions
  • Offline Install
  • Default Global Packages From File While Installing
  • io.js
  • System Version of Node
  • Listing Versions
  • Setting Custom Colors
  • Persisting custom colors
  • Suppressing colorized output
  • Restoring PATH
可复制命令
Set default node version
  • Use a mirror of node binaries
  • Pass Authorization header to mirror
  • .nvmrc
  • Deeper Shell Integration
  • Calling nvm use automatically in a directory with a .nvmrc file
可复制命令
bash
  • zsh
  • fish
  • Running Tests
  • Environment variables
可复制命令
Bash Completion
  • Usage
  • Compatibility Issues
  • Installing nvm on Alpine Linux
  • Alpine Linux 3.13+
  • Alpine Linux 3.5 - 3.12
  • Uninstalling / Removal
  • Manual Uninstall
可复制命令
Docker For Development Environment

Intro nvm allows you to quickly install and use different versions of node via the command line. Example: $ nvm install 24 Now using node v24.14.0 (npm v11.9.0) $ node -v v24.14.0 $ nvm use 22 Now using node v22.22.1 (npm v10.9.4) $ node -v v22.22.

1 $ nvm use 20 Now using node v20.20.1 (npm v10.8.2) $ node -v v20.20.1 Simple as that! About nvm is a version manager for node.js , designed to be installed per-user, and invoked per-shell.

nvm works on any POSIX-compliant shell (sh, dash , ksh , zsh , bash ), in particular on these platforms: unix, macOS , and Windows WSL . Installing and Updating Install & Update Script To install or update nvm, you should run the install script .

To do that, you may either download and run the script manually, or use the following cURL or Wget command:

  • Problems
  • macOS Troubleshooting
  • WSL Troubleshooting
  • Maintainers
  • Project Support
  • Enterprise Support
  • License
  • Copyright notice
命令
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.6/install.sh | bash
命令
wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.6/install.sh | bash

Running either of the above commands downloads a script and runs it. The script clones the nvm repository to ~/.nvm , and attempts to add the source lines from the snippet below to the correct profile file ( ~/.bashrc , ~/.bash_profile , ~/.zshrc , or ~/.

profile ). If you find the install script is updating the wrong profile file, set the $PROFILE env var to the profile file’s path, and then rerun the installation script.

命令
export NVM_DIR= " $( [ -z " ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-} " ] && printf %s " ${HOME} /.nvm " || printf %s " ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME} /nvm " ) "

[ -s " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " ] && \. " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " # This loads nvm Additional Notes - If the environment variable $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is present, it will place the nvm files there.

- You can add --no-use to the end of the above script to postpone using nvm until you manually use it:

命令
export NVM_DIR= " $( [ -z " ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-} " ] && printf %s " ${HOME} /.nvm " || printf %s " ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME} /nvm " ) "

[ -s " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " ] && \. " $NVM_DIR /nvm.sh " --no-use # This loads nvm, without auto-using the default version - You can customize the install source, directory, profile, and version using the NVM_SOURCE , NVM_DIR , PROFILE , and NODE_VERSION variables.

Eg

Eg
curl ... | NVM_DIR="path/to/nvm" . Ensure that the NVM_DIR does not contain a trailing slash.

来源教程配图

nvm project logo
配图 1 · nvm project logo查看原图

适用场景

学习研究
开源项目实践